Nitrogen metabolism and senescence‐associated changes during growth of carnation flowers

Abstract

Nitrogen metabolism including nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), glutamate dehydroge‐nase (EC 1.4.1.2) and glutamate‐oxalacetate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activities were studied during growth of petals taken from carnation flowers ( Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Sir Arthur) together with senescence parameters (lipid hydroper‐oxides, soluble amino acids and permeability). A slight decline in nitrogen percentage on a dry weight basis was found together with a sharp decrease in nitrate reduct‐ase, glutamate‐oxalacetate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities during the maximum growth phase, which was characterized by increase in respiration, dry weight, length, organic nitrogen and DNA per petal. Changes generally associated with senescence, like lipid hydroperoxide and soluble ammo nitrogen accumulation and increases in permeability began to appear already during early growth. The results indicate that permeability and proteolysis may be closely related. The possible significance of the decrease in nitrogen percentage and enzyme activities during growth of petals is discussed.