Elevation of Amniotic Fluid Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Normotensive Pregnancies That Delivered Small‐For‐Gestational‐Age Infants

Abstract

We demonstrated a significant increase in amniotic fluid M-CSF levels in the SGA group. Excessive concentrations of M-CSF in amniotic fluid via amniotic membranes may be highly related to immunological abnormalities contributing to low birth weight of neonates.