Epidemiologic studies on carcinoma of the kidney.I. Association of renal adenocarcinoma with smoking

Abstract

The frequency of cigarette, pipe and cigar smoking and tobacco chewing among 100 patients with renal adenocarcinoma was compared with that among 190 control patients. Analysis of data revealed that among men with renal adenocarcinoma: (1) The proportion using tobacco was greater than among corresponding control patients. These differences (using the x2 test with continuity correction) were significantly greater among males with renal carcinoma than among corresponding controls for: (a) all types of tobacco use combined (at the 0.0005 level); (b) smokers of more than ten cigarettes per day (at the 0.0005 level); (c) pipe smokers, cigar smokers and tobacco chewers combined (at the 0.0005 level); (d) pipe smokers (at the 0.001 level); (e) cigar smokers (at the 0.005 level); and (f) tobacco chewers (at the 0.05 level). (2) Proportionally fewer men quit using tobacco among patients with cancer who had used tobacco than among control patients who had used tobacco (significant at the 0.05 level). (3) The trend of cigarette smoking in the cancer and control groups of women was consistent with that observed in men although the number of patients was not large enough for statistical analysis. (4) The estimated risk of men developing renal adenocarcinoma was increased with all forms of tobacco use and greater than previously reported values based on prospective studies.