Moderating Effect of Psychosocial Factors for Dyspnea in Taiwanese and American Heart Failure Patients

Abstract

Depression, anxiety, and perceived social support moderated the relationship of clinical characteristics with dyspnea in Taiwanese and American HF patients, respectively. Attention to these psychosocial factors may improve dyspnea status in HF patients. Symptom management should include a focus on patients' psychological distress and social perspectives.