Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2009 · 188 citations · 36 references
Life SciencesBiologyEvolutionary BiologyComparative GenomicsGenome EvolutionMolecular EvolutionEndocrine System EvolutionSteroid BiosynthesisSteroid Hormone BiochemistrySteroid Hormone SignalingSteroid MetabolismSteroidogenic EnzymesCytochrome P450 IsoenzymesEndocrine Gene Family EvolutionEndocrine PhylogeneticsEvolution Of Steroid HormonesNuclear Hormone ReceptorsNuclear Receptor EvolutionOrphan Nuclear ReceptorsSteroidogenic Enzyme Regulation
Steroid hormones regulate many physiological processes in vertebrates, nematodes, and arthropods through binding to nuclear receptors (NR), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors. The main steps controlling the diversification of this family are now well-understood. In contrast, the origin and evolution of steroid ligands remain mysterious, although this is crucial for understanding the emergence of modern endocrine systems. Using a comparative genomic approach, we analyzed complete metazoan genomes to provide a comprehensive view of the evolution of major enzymatic players implicated in steroidogenesis at the whole metazoan scale. Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages, and that steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes descended from those that detoxify xenobiotics.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory
Sylvain Lesné, Ming Teng Koh, Linda Kotilinek et al. · Nature · 2006 · 2.8K citations