Broadband microwave Luneburg lens made of gradient index metamaterials

Abstract

Luneburg lenses are able to form perfect focus that is free of aberration. Because of the varying refractive index throughout the lens, incoming electromagnetic waves can travel in a curved path and be guided to focus at the back of the lens. The implementation of Luneburg lenses is often difficult due to the challenges in creating a medium with varying refractive index using normal materials. This problem can be overcome with the use of gradient index metamaterials. We report a two dimensional Luneburg lens made of gradient index metamaterials. It consists of 17 concentric shells with etched patterns on a printed circuit board working in microwave X band frequency. The broad properties of the Luneburg lens are then discussed.