Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements

Abstract

High radiation resistant structural materials for fusion and fission nuclear power plants are a key issue for the development of both types of reactors. Selection criteria, elements of metallurgy of the selected materials, and the major issues as they are revealed by the results of the present development programmes, are presented. At low temperature (∼300 °C) ferritic/martensitic steels are suffering from He-embrittlement, associated with possible hardening due to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> unmixing. The kinetics of hardening and embrittlement versus dose, especially saturation with dose, are still open key issues, difficult to settle on the basis of a purely experimental programme. Important progress is still to be made in mastering the initial microstructure, inclusion cleanness and joining techniques of oxide dispersion strengthened steels for higher heat resistance. Physics modeling as presented in this issue should promote guidance to the understanding of the mechanisms involved, provide solutions to master the initial microstructure and phase stability, and mitigate the in-service property degradation.