Radiation Doses to Patients and Cardiologists from Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation Procedures

Abstract

Compared to the existing literature, the median DAP value of this study is almost identical to the 11.2 Gycm(2) reported from a sample of 627 patients in 17 different x-ray rooms, whereas the fluoroscopy times are within the range of values reported by other authors. Concerning the cardiologist exposure, the estimated values indicate that the implantation of pacemakers is a procedure that does not involve a severe risk, especially if it is taken into account that lead aprons and collars are routinely used.