Low frequency oscillations in a stationary plasma thruster

TLDR

Stationary plasma thrusters, ideal for satellite station‑keeping or orbit transfer, use a transverse magnetic field to raise electron collision frequency, enabling low‑density plasma generation and creating a large electric field that accelerates quasicollisionless ions. The article aims to clarify, via a simple model, the electrical properties of these thrusters and the experimentally observed low‑frequency oscillation regime. The model assumes plasma column quasineutrality and employs a 1D transient hybrid treatment, modeling electrons as a fluid and ions with a collisionless kinetic equation. The model yields reasonable plasma property estimates and qualitatively reproduces the low‑frequency oscillations seen experimentally.

Abstract

Stationary plasma thrusters are ion thrusters whose properties make them especially suitable for satellite station keeping or orbit transfer. In these thrusters, a magnetic field transverse to the electron flow towards the anode increases the electron collision frequency and makes possible the generation of a plasma at relatively low gas flow and gas density. The decrease of the plasma conductivity due to the magnetic field induces a large electric field in the plasma which accelerates the quasicollisionless ions whose trajectories are not significantly affected by the magnetic field. The purpose of this article is to clarify, using results from a simple model, the electrical properties of these thrusters and the low frequency oscillation regime which has been observed experimentally. The model is based on the assumption of quasineutrality of the plasma column and on a 1D transient hybrid treatment of electron and ion transport in the device. Electrons are considered as a fluid and ions are described with a collisionless kinetic equation. This model provides reasonable estimates of the plasma properties and is able to give a clear picture of the low frequency oscillations, qualitatively close to the experimental observations.