Strong Optical Nonlinearity and its Ultrafast Response Associated with Electron Ferroelectricity in an Organic Conductor

Abstract

We report experimental evidence for the generation of ferroelectric polarization in an organic conductor α-[bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] 2 I 3 obtained by optical second-harmonic generation. The spontaneous polarization emerges along with a metal-to-insulator transition that is driven by the Wigner crystallization of electrons. The strong optical nonlinearity and its ultrafast photoresponse demonstrated by this study exemplify the nature of the ferroelectric polarization that originates from the electron ordering.