Developments in technique and technology: the effect on the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi

Abstract

The percutaneous management of staghorn calculi requires considerable expertise. Our data suggest that 'multiperc' PCNL is difficult to learn and requires experience. Although over the years our results improved, complete clearance remains a challenge. A constant review and application of newer techniques and results will improve the overall clearance rates further.