Participation in flood risk management and the potential of citizen observatories: A governance analysis

TLDR

The European Flood Directive 2007/60/EC mandates public participation in flood management, and citizen observatories using ICT offer a novel way to involve citizens in decision‑making. The study seeks to determine how to translate the directive into effective participation by presenting a framework for analysing ICT‑enabled citizen observatories and comparing the UK, the Netherlands, and Italy. The authors conducted expository and qualitative research in the UK, the Netherlands, and Italy to identify and compare how the EU Flood Directive and citizen participation mechanisms are transposed across prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. The analysis shows that implementation of citizen participation is limited, with authorities holding differing perceptions of roles and influence that vary by disaster‑cycle stage, underscoring the need to understand these dynamics to unlock the potential of citizen observatories for greater engagement.

Abstract

The implementation of the European Flood Directive 2007/60/EC requires the establishment of public participation mechanisms to ensure citizens' involvement in the flood management cycle. This raises questions on how to achieve this goal and successfully translate the directive into meaningful and effective participation. Innovative means, such as citizen observatories enabled by information and communication technologies, have the potential to provide citizens with a substantially new role in decision-making. In this paper, we present a framework developed for analysing the potential for participation via ICT-enabled citizen observatories and undertake a comparative analysis of the UK, the Netherlands and Italy. Expository and qualitative research was undertaken in the three case study areas, with the aim of identifying and comparing the transposition of the EU Flood directive and the mechanisms in place for citizens' participation during different phases of the disaster cycle (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery). Our analysis of the transposition of legal obligations for citizen participation shows that implementation is limited when examining both the respective roles and types of interactions between citizen and authorities and the impact of citizen participation on decision-making. Different authorities have differing perceptions of citizen participation in flood risk management in terms of their roles and influence. Our results also indicate that these perceptions are related to the importance that the authorities place on the different stages of the disaster cycle. This understanding is crucial for identifying the potential of citizen observatories to foster greater citizen engagement and participation.