Portal Diversion for Portal Hypertension in Early Childhood

Abstract

Twenty-three children under 6 years of age with portal hypertention were treated by portal diversion. Fourteen had cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein and 9 had an intrahepatic block due to cirrhosis (8) or congenital hepatic fibrosis (1). Portal-systemic shunts were central splenorenal in 20 patients, side-to-side portacaval in 2 and mesocaval in one. In 20 of the 21 peripheral shunts, the veins used for the anastomosis were less than 10 mm in diameter. There was no operative mortality. Thrombosis of the shunt occurred in 3 children (13%) and was responsible for recurrent bleeding in one who was treated later with success by a mesocaval shunt. The two other children with a thrombosed shunt are waiting, at the present time, for a mesocaval anastomosis. The volume of blood flowing through the shunt was small initially and the fall in pressure gradient was slight: therefore intraoperative angiography appeared to be a better way to assess the patency of shunts done at an early age than pressure or flow measurements. The figures recently reported by Clatworthy, with a mortality rate of 12% directly or indirectly related to repeated hemorrhage, are for us a forceful argument for early adequate management of portal hypertension in children. Until now, portal-systemic shunts have been complicated by a high frequency of thrombosis and have given discouraging results. Our results suggest that it is possible to perform portal diversion successfully on diminutive veins (down to 4 mm). From this experience early portal diversion appears to represent the treatment of choice for portal hypertension in childhood.