Lifestyle and Metabolic Determinants of Incident Hypertension, With Special Reference to Cigarette Smoking: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Abstract

Age, female sex, and waist circumference are major and serum insulin and CRP modest determinants of incident hypertension in middle-aged Turkish adults in whom current cigarette smoking plays a protective role at borderline significance, largely by modulating waist girth. Former smokers with abdominal obesity are under higher risk of subsequent hypertension than current smokers.