IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · 1972 · 137 citations · 4 references
EngineeringBiophysicsElectrical EngineeringElectromagneticsHeatingMedical PhysicsElectromagnetic WavesHot Spot AnalysisNear-field RegionsRadio-frequency HeatingElectromagnetic Wave ScatteringHeat Transfer In TissuesHigh-frequency Electromagnetic FieldsPlane Wave PropagationPolarization EffectsRadio Frequency Wave Heating
The study examined how an incident electromagnetic plane wave heats a conducting sphere that simulates a human head. The simulations showed that a 10‑cm radius sphere with tissue‑like conductivity produced no internal hot spots, while lower frequencies yielded uniform heating with polarization effects and only skin heating above 1000 MHz; however, a sphere with lower conductivity (σ = 10 mmho/cm) or a 5‑cm radius tissue‑like sphere exhibited intense internal hot spots in the 250–2800 MHz range.
The distribution of the heating potential generated by an incident electromagnetic plane wave on a conducting sphere simulating the human head was investigated. It was found that for a sphere of 10-cm radius having the same electrical characteristics as those of biological tissues, no hot spots are generated inside. While at lower frequencies the heating is relatively uniform with some polarization effects, for frequencies above 1000 MHz only skin heating takes place. For a sphere of the same size but of conductivity σ = 10 mmho/cm (which for f>1000 is lower than that of biological tissues) hot spots occur inside for f>1000 MHz. Intense hot spots also occur inside spheres of radius 5 cm having the same electrical characteristics as those of biological tissues in the frequency region of 250 MHz<f<2800 MHz.
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A. Marvin · 1996 · 139 citations
Hazards Due to Total Body Irradiation by Radar
Herman P. Schwan, K. Li · Proceedings of the IRE · 1956 · 86 citations