1c:I[419806,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/30036bedc5269936.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/cd5e572bc3e4eb92.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/d4ac9dcf27f6ff52.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 1d:T52d,The fluoride complexation of the group-4 elements Zr, Hf and Rf, and of the pseudo-homolog Th, has been investigated in mixed HNO 3 /HF solutions by studying Kd values on both cation exchange resins (CIX) and anion exchange resins (AIX) using the automated rapid chemistry apparatus ARCA. On the CIX, the four elements are strongly retained as cations below 10 -3 M HF. For Zr and Hf, the decrease of the Kd values due to the formation of fluoride complexes occurs between 10 -3 M HF and 10 -2 M HF. For Rf and Th, this decrease is observed at one order of magnitude higher HF concentrations. On the AIX, for Zr and Hf, a rise of the Kd values due to the formation of anionic fluoride complexes is observed between 10 -3 M HF and 10 -2 M HF, i.e. in the same range of HF concentrations where the decrease of the Kd values on the CIX is observed, yielding a consistent picture. For Rf and Th, on the AIX, no rise of the Kd values is observed even if the HF concentration is increased up to 1 M. By varying the concentration of the counter ion NO 3 - which is competing for the binding sites on the AIX resin, it could be shown, nevertheless, that Rf does form anionic fluoride complexes. Apparently, there is a more specific competition of NO 3 - with respect to [RfF x ] (x-4)- than with [ZrF y ] (y-4)- and [HfF z ] (z-4)- .1e:T447,Liquid-liquid extractions of element 104 (Rf), Zr, Nb, Hf, Th, and Pu(IV) were conducted using tributylphosphate (TBP) in benzene. Initial studies were conducted using ⁹⁵Zr and ⁹⁵Nb. The effect of TBP, HC1, chloride, and hydrogen ion concentrations on Zr and Nb extraction was examined. Based on the results from these experiments, it was decided to examine Rf extraction into 0.25 M TBP in benzene as a function of HC1, chloride, and hydrogen ion concentrations between 8 and 12 M. Studies of these extraction conditions were carried out using ⁹⁵Zr, ¹⁶⁹Hf, ²²⁸Th, ²³⁸Pu, and ²⁶¹Rf. The 65-second ²⁶¹Rf was produced via the ²⁴⁸Cm(¹⁸O,5n) reaction at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The results show that extraction for these elements increases or remains high as a function of HC1 concentration. However, in the experiments in which the chloride and hydrogen ion were varied, Rf extraction differed from that of the group 4 elements and behaved more like Pu(IV).

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