Osteomyelitis in Grade II and III Open Tibia Fractures with Late Debridement

TLDR

The study compared infection rates in grade II and III open tibia fractures following early (≤5 h) versus late (>5 h) debridement. The authors retrospectively reviewed 47 grade II and III tibia fractures (25 grade II, 22 grade III) treated between January 1988 and January 1992 in 46 patients. Infections occurred in 7 % of fractures debrided within 5 h and 38 % of those debrided later (p < 0.03), with overt signs appearing after an average of 4.8 months, organisms matching initial cultures in only 25 % of cases, negative post‑debridement cultures not excluding infection, and no correlation with Injury Severity Score.

Abstract

Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of infection in grade II and III open tibia fractures with respect to early and late debridement. All grade II and III tibia fractures treated between January 1988 and January 1992 were reviewed. Forty-seven fractures (25 grade II and 22 grade III) in 46 patients were eligible for entry into the study. In all grade II and III fractures, one of 15 fractures (7%) debrided in ≤ 5 h became infected. Twelve of 32 fractures (38%) debrided >5 h after injury became infected (p<0.03). Overt manifestations of infection did not appear until an average of 4.8 months from the time of injury, and the infecting organisms correlated with the initial cultures in only 25% of the cases. Negative postdebridement cultures did not preclude subsequent infection. The Injury Severity Score did not appear to correlate with increased risk of subsequent osteomyelitis.