Variation of Urinary and Serum Trace Elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, Se) in Bladder Carcinoma in China

Abstract

There were higher urinary Zn and serum Cu concentrations in bladder carcinoma cases. Bladder carcinoma may be associated with Ca metabolic disorder, leading to higher urinary Ca and lower serum Ca. Low serum Se and smoking appear to be other risk factors for bladder carcinoma in China.