Giant<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math>Mode and Its Energy Broadening from the Charge Distributions in Heavy-Ion Reactions

Abstract

The narrow experimental width of the $Z$ distribution at fixed mass asymmetry in heavyion reactions is interpreted in terms of a giant dipole mode whose damping increases with excitation energy. Further theoretical predictions and relevant experiments are discussed.