Environmental Science & Technology · 2005 · 123 citations · 16 references
EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringMaterials ScienceResource RecoveryWastewater ReuseWastewater TreatmentSludge ManagementSludge Resource RecoverySludge TreatmentWaste TreatmentWastewater BiotreatmentWastewater Resource RecoveryAdsorption PropertiesCarbonization ProcessesSewage Sludge TreatmentSludge PyrolysisSludge Volume ReductionSpecific Surface AreaThermal TreatmentWastewater Treatment Processes
Sewage sludges from wastewater treatment plants pose environmental challenges, and thermal treatment is an attractive method to reduce volume while generating reusable byproducts. This study aims to produce porous carbonaceous materials from sewage sludge via pyrolysis for potential industrial applications. The authors carbonized viscous liquid and limed sludges at 400–1000 °C and characterized the resulting porous structure and surface chemistry using nitrogen adsorption, SEM, elemental analysis, Boehm titration, and pH_ZPC measurements. Increasing carbonization temperature raises basicity, develops mesoporous structure with specific surface areas up to ~100 m² g⁻¹ (viscous) and 60 m² g⁻¹ (limed), and the resulting materials effectively adsorb Cu²⁺, dyes, and phenol, indicating promise for activated‑carbon production.
Sewage sludges produced from wastewater treatment plants continue to set environmental problems in terms of volume and way of reuse. Thermal treatment of sewage sludge is considered as an attractive method in reducing sludge volume, and at the same time, it produces reusable byproducts. This paper deals with porous carbonaceous materials production from sewage sludge by pyrolysis (or carbonization) process with a goal of different industrial applications. Carbonization experiments were carried out on two kinds of sludge, namely viscous liquid sludge and limed sludge by varying carbonization temperature between 400 °C to 1000 °C. The porous structure and surface chemistry of the materials obtained were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, Boehm titration, and pH of zero point of charge determination. The results show that basic character of the carbonized residues increases with increasing carbonization temperature. Then, carbonization allows specific surface area and pore volumes to be developed. Carbonized viscous liquid sludge and carbonized limed sludge are mainly mesoporous in nature, with specific surface areas reaching about 100 m2 g-1 and 60 m2 g-1, respectively. Finally, adsorption experiments, in aqueous solution, were carried out and show that carbonized viscous liquid sludges and limed sludge remove effectively the metallic ion Cu2+, acid and basic dyes, and phenol. Pyrolyzed sludges properties seem to be encouraging for the preparation of activated carbon by physical activation process.
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On a Theory of the van der Waals Adsorption of Gases
Stephen Brunauer, Lola S. Deming, W. Edwards Deming et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 1940 · 4.8K citations