Involvement of substance P, mast cells, TNF‐α and ICAM‐1 in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in human periapical granulomas

Abstract

Our findings suggest that SP, mast cells, TNF-alpha-positive cells and E-selectin may modulate the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and may be responsible for stimulating the formation of granuloma with the resorption of periapical bone.