Substitution Model of Monovalent (Li, Na, and K), Divalent (Mg), and Trivalent (Al) Metal Ions for β‐Tricalcium Phosphate

Abstract

The maximum substitution of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions for β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was investigated, and a substitution model of these metal ions for β‐TCP was proposed. Monovalent metal ions (M I ) could replace Ca(4) site and vacancy ( V Ca(4) ) in β‐TCP as 2M I =Ca 2+ + V Ca(4) and the maximum substitution was about 9.1 mol%. In the case of divalent metal ions (M II ), Ca(4) and Ca(5) sites were replaced by divalent metal ions as M II =Ca 2+ , and the maximum substitution was about 13.6 mol%. Trivalent metal ions (M III ) could be substituted for Ca(4) site and vacancy as 3M III =2Ca 2+ + V Ca(4) , and the maximum substitution was about 9.1 mol%.