A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44.6K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Algorithms +10

Particle swarm optimization

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Architecture, Bioinformatics, Directed Evolution +7

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.9K citations

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Population Biology of Plants.

B. R. Trenbath, John L. Harper · Journal of Applied Ecology · 1978 · 7K citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Plant Biology +12

Thermodynamical approach to the traveling salesman problem: An efficient simulation algorithm

V. Černý · Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications · 1985 · 3.4K citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Algorithms +10