Multiple-Charge-Quanta Shot Noise in Superconducting Atomic Contacts

Abstract

We have measured shot noise in aluminum atomic point contacts containing a small number of conduction channels of known transmissions. In the normal state, we find that the noise power is reduced from its Poissonian value and reaches the partition limit, as calculated from the transmissions. In the superconducting state, the noise reveals the large effective charge associated with each elementary transfer process, in excellent agreement with the predictions of the quantum theory of multiple Andreev reflections.