Two Azolium Rings Are Better Than One: A Strategy for Controlling Catenation and Morphology in Zn and Cu Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

Four new azolium-containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized, where the azoliums are potential organocatalyst precursors. Modifying the number of azoliums on a standard biphenyl dicarboxylate strut affects the morphology or the degree of interpenetration in two representative types of MOFs: NbO-type Cu-paddlewheel 2D sheets and cubic IRMOFs.