Arabian Journal of Chemistry · 2013 · 499 citations · 20 references
Natural SciencesEnvironmental SciencesToxicologyEcotoxicologyEnvironmental HealthEnvironmental ToxicologyEnvironmental Heavy Metal ExposureHeavy Metal BioaccumulationHeavy Metal ContaminationHeavy Metal Risk AssessmentMetal ToxicitySoil PollutionEnvironmental Metal ContaminationFood Chain ContaminationHeavy Metal Contamination AssessmentHeavy Metal Contamination Risk AssessmentHeavy Metals In FoodHuman Health Risk AssessmentSoil Heavy Metal AssessmentWaterborne Heavy Metals
Soil pollution with heavy metals due to discharge of untreated urban and industrial wastewater is a major threat to ecological integrity and human well-being. The presenting study aimed to determine human health risks associated via food chain contamination of heavy metals routing from irrigation of urban and industrial wastewater. Irrigated water, soil and vegetables were analyzed for Cr2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+; transfer factor (TF), daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) were also calculated. Cr2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in vegetables cultivated by wastewater exceeded the permissible limits (European Union, 2002) while TF was lower for all metals except Co2+ and HRI was found to be maximum for Spinacia oleracea (2.42 mg/kg) and Brassica campestris (2.22 mg/kg) cultivated by wastewater. S. oleracea, B. campestris, Coriandrum sativum posed a severe health risk with respect to Cd and Mn.
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Rapid urbanization in China: A real challenge to soil protection and food security
Anita Singh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Madhoolika Agrawal et al. · Food and Chemical Toxicology · 2009 · 871 citations