Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy Versus Flexible Ureteroscopy/Holmium Laser Lithotripsy: Cost and Outcome Analysis

Abstract

While percutaneous nephrostolithotomy achieves superior stone clearance, ureteroscopy achieves acceptable treatment outcomes with a low risk of subsequent stone related events or interventions. The lower relative cost of ureteroscopy in this population may have implications for the development of treatment guidelines.