Maximum and overlapped photonic band gaps in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations in two-dimensional photonic crystals with low symmetry

Abstract

In this paper, photonic band gaps have been systematically calculated for two-dimensional photonic crystals in centered rectangular lattices with elliptical patterns for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Two-dimensional centered rectangular lattices can be considered to be a stretched or compressed form of the hexagonal lattice with lower symmetry. For infinitely thick two-dimensional photonic crystals, the maximum overlapped photonic band gaps for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations occur in the well-studied hexagonal lattice. However, the maximum overlapped band gap happens in centered rectangular lattices with elliptical patterns for two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs, supporting other studies that reducing symmetry can open overlapped photonic band gaps.