Quantitative analysis of the extent of extracapsular invasion and its prognostic significance: A prospective study of 170 cases of carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx

Abstract

The risks of recurrence and death are higher when there is macroscopic extracapsular extension. When the tumor is confined to the lymph node or shows a microscopic invasion beyond the capsule, there are no statistically significant differences in risk rates. The risk of capsular rupture is related to the N category of the classification TNM and the diameter of the metastatic lymph node, from 3 cm and larger.