Smooth Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Abstract

Smooth results with glycerol: A highly viscous glycerol electrolyte suppresses local concentration fluctuations and changes in pH during the anodization of titanium. This leads to layers of smooth TiO2 nanotubes up to 7 μm thick and with an average pore diameter of 40 nm (see transmission electron micrograph).