Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia Based on the Mayo Clinic Experience From 28 478 Transesophageal Echocardiograms

Abstract

In a large series of patients undergoing TEE, the incidence of methemoglobinemia is low (1 case per 1499 [0.067%; 95% confidence interval, 0.040%-0.100%]) and has a good outcome if promptly recognized and treated. Clinical factors associated with the development of methemoglobinemia include sepsis, anemia, and hospitalization. Minimizing or avoiding the use of benzocaine in these patients is recommended.