Dependence of domain wall pinning potential landscapes on domain wall chirality and pinning site geometry in planar nanowires

TLDR

The study reports on domain‑wall pinning behavior and the potential‑energy landscapes produced by two notch geometries in planar Permalloy nanowires. Depinning was probed experimentally with spatially resolved magneto‑optical Kerr effect, spin structures were mapped by Lorentz microscopy, and micromagnetic simulations—using notch dimensions comparable to domain‑wall lengths—were employed to analyze pinning behavior. Depinning fields are largely insensitive to notch geometry, but pinning depends strongly on wall type and chirality; the chirality determines whether a notch acts as a potential barrier or well, and quantitative measurements of well width and depth for vortex walls in triangular and rectangular notches were obtained.

Abstract

We report on domain wall pinning behavior and the potential-energy landscapes created by notches of two different geometries in planar Permalloy nanowires. Domain wall depinning was probed experimentally using spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. The spin structure of pinned domain walls was determined using Lorentz microscopy, and domain wall pinning behavior was also analyzed using micromagnetic simulations, which are in good qualitative agreement with experimental results. All notch structures have dimensions that are comparable with the domain wall length scales. For the notch structures investigated, the depinning field experienced by a domain wall is found to be relatively insensitive to notch geometry although the pinning behavior is highly sensitive to both the wall type and the wall chirality spin structure. Energetically, the notches present both potential barriers and/or potential wells depending on the micromagnetic structure of the domain wall, and we find that the chirality of the domain wall is a key determinant of the pinning potential landscape. The pinning behavior of domain walls is discussed in detail, and direct quantitative measurements of the width and depth of the potential wells and/or barriers responsible for domain wall pinning are given for vortex walls pinned in triangular and rectangular notches.