Habitat and trophic ecology of Southern Ocean cephalopods from stable isotope analyses

Abstract

Although cephalopods play a critical role in marine food webs both as predators and prey, there is a limited knowledge of several basic aspects of their ecology, including their habitat and trophic level, in the Southern Ocean. We examined the ecological role of several Southern Ocean cephalopod species by analyzing 13 C and 15 N values in lower cephalopod beaks obtained from diet samples of wandering albatross Diomedea exulans from South Georgia (Atlantic Ocean), and from Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (Indian Ocean). Beak 13 C values ranged from -25.7 to -17.9 , and were used to assign different cephalopod species to the subtropical, sub-Antarctic or Antarctic Zones. Beak 15 N values were more variable among species, ranging from 2.4 to 13.3 , a difference of ~11 that represents approx. 3 trophic levels. Differences among islands in isotope ratios in the same cephalopod species (higher 15 N and lower 13 C values in South Georgia) were attributed to regional oceanographic processes. Antarctic cephalopods occupy niches similar to those found in some pelagic fish, seabirds and marine mammals. As cephalopods are key components in Southern Ocean food webs, these results greatly advance our understanding of the structure, energy and carbon flows in this polar ecosystem.