Fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors with targeting/anchoring modules as molecular versions of submarine periscopes for mapping membrane-bounded protons

Abstract

The two families of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors (1–9) show that the effective proton density near the surface of several micelle membranes changes over 2–3 orders of magnitude as the microlocation of the sensor (with respect to the membrane) is altered via hydrophobic tuning.