Arterial territory-specific phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein species and CDK2 promote differences in the vascular smooth muscle cell response to mitogens

Abstract

Despite recent advances in medical procedures, cardiovascular disease remains a clinical challenge and the leading cause of mortality in the western world. The condition causes progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration that contribute to vascular restenosis. The incidence of disease of the internal mammary artery (IMA), however, is much lower than in nearly all other arteries. The etiology of this IMA disease resistance is not well understood. Here, using paired primary IMA and coronary artery SMCs, serum stimulation, siRNA knockdowns, and verifications in porcine vessels in vivo, we investigate the molecular mechanisms that could account for this increased disease resistance of internal mammary SMCs. We show that the residue-specific phosphorylation profile of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) appears to differ significantly between IMA and coronary artery SMCs in cultured human cells. We also report that the differential profile of Rb phosphorylation may follow as a consequence of differences in the content of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and the CDK4 phosphorylation inhibitor p15. Finally, we present evidence that siRNA-mediated CDK2 knockdown alters the profile of Rb phosphorylation in coronary artery SMCs, as well as the proliferative response of these cells to mitogenic stimulation. The intrinsic functional and protein composition specificity of the SMCs population in the coronary artery may contribute to the increased prevalence of restenosis and atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries as compared with the internal mammary arteries.