Annals of Surgery · 2006 · 96 citations · 36 references
Both short-term hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are associated with significantly decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression, a parameter correlating with infectious complications and patient mortality. This may provide a mechanism by which high glucose and insulin impair innate immunity. It also appears that perioperative maintenance of normoglycemia will become a valid performance measure for practicing surgical specialists.
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Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Greet Van den Berghe, Pieter Wouters, Frank Weekers et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2001 · 10K citations · Full text
Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations Are Acutely Increased by Hyperglycemia in Humans
Katherine Esposito, Francesco Nappo, Raffaele Marfella et al. · Circulation · 2002 · 1.9K citations
Klas Malmberg, Lars Rydén, Suad Efendić et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1995 · 1.6K citations
Diabetes Management, Cardiovascular Disease, Insulin Management +8