Short-term effects of PM2.5, PM10 and PM2.5–10 on daily mortality in the Netherlands

Abstract

PM10 and PM2.5 both were significantly associated with all cause and cause-specific mortality. We were unable to demonstrate significant effects for PM2.5-10, possibly due to the lower temporal variability and the higher exposure misclassification in PM2.5-10 compared to PM10 or PM2.5. The lack of effects of PM2.5-10 in our study should therefore not be interpreted as an indication that PM2.5-10 can be considered harmless.