Chondroitin sulfate increases hyaluronan production by human synoviocytes through differential regulation of hyaluronan synthases: Role of p38 and Akt

Abstract

CS stimulates the synthesis of high molecular weight HA in OA FLS through up-regulation of HAS1 and HAS2. It reduces the IL-1beta-enhanced transcription of HAS3 and increases the production of HA of large molecular sizes. These effects may be beneficial for maintaining viscosity and antiinflammatory properties in the joint.