Performance Variations of Leading-Edge Tubercles for Distinct Airfoil Profiles

TLDR

The study experimentally examined how sinusoidal leading‑edge tubercles affect the performance of two NACA airfoils with differing aerodynamic characteristics. Force measurements show that tubercles improve lift and stall characteristics more for the NACA 65‑021 than the NACA 0021, with reduced amplitude raising maximum lift and stall angle, larger amplitude benefiting post‑stall performance, shorter wavelengths enhancing lift and stall metrics up to an optimal point, and overall behavior resembling conventional vortex generators.

Abstract

An experimental investigation has been undertaken to determine the influence of sinusoidal leading-edge protrusions on the performance of two NACA airfoils with different aerodynamic characteristics. Force measurements on full-span airfoils with various combinations of tubercle amplitude and wavelength reveal that when compared to the unmodified equivalent, tubercles are more beneficial for the NACA 65-021 airfoil than the NACA 0021 airfoil. It was also found that for both airfoil profiles, reducing the tubercle amplitude leads to a higher maximum lift coefficient and larger stall angle. In the poststall regime, however, the performance with largeramplitude tubercles is more favorable. Reducing the wavelength leads to improvements in all aspects of lift performance, including maximum lift coefficient, stall angle, and poststall characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a certain point at which further reduction in wavelength has a negative impact on performance. The results also suggest that tubercles act in a manner similar to conventional vortex generators.