Domestic exposure to formaldehyde significantly increases the risk of asthma in young children

TLDR

Indoor air pollution, especially formaldehyde, has been increasingly recognized as a potential risk factor for asthma in young children. The study examined the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children aged 6 months to 3 years in a population‑based control study in Perth, Western Australia (1997–1999). Cases were children discharged with asthma; controls were age‑matched children without asthma identified from birth records; exposure data were collected via bedroom and living‑room measurements of formaldehyde, temperature, and humidity, and health outcomes were assessed with respiratory questionnaires and skin‑prick tests. Higher summer formaldehyde levels and exposure ≥60 µg·m⁻³ were associated with increased asthma risk, indicating that domestic formaldehyde exposure raises childhood asthma risk.

Abstract

Concern has arisen in recent years about indoor air pollution as a risk factor for asthma. Formaldehyde exposure was examined in relation to asthma among young children (between 6 months and 3 yrs old) in a population-based control study carried out in Perth, Western Australia, between 1997–1999. An association between exposure to formaldehyde and asthma in young children has been suggested. Cases (n=88), whose parents were recruited at Princess Margaret Hospital Accident and Emergency Dept (Perth, Western Australia), were children discharged with asthma as the primary diagnosis. Controls (n=104), who were children in the same age group without asthma diagnosed by a doctor, were identified from birth records through the Health Dept of Western Australia (Perth, Western Australia). Health outcomes for the children were studied using a respiratory questionnaire and skin-prick tests. Formaldehyde, average temperature and relative humidity were measured on two occasions, winter (July–September 1998) and summer (December 1998–March 1999) in the child's bedroom and in the living room. The study found seasonal differences in formaldehyde levels in the children's bedrooms and living rooms with significantly greater formaldehyde exposure during the summer period for case and control subjects. The generalised estimating equation model showed that children exposed to formaldehyde levels of ≥60 µg·m −3 are at increased risk of having asthma. The results suggest that domestic exposure to formaldehyde increases the risk of childhood asthma.