The influence of Thomson effect on the maximum power output and maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric generator

TLDR

Thermoelectric generators are modeled as heat engines using nonequilibrium thermodynamics to derive temperature field equations. This study aims to present new conclusions and correct errors in a prior thermoelectric generator analysis. The authors analyze heat leak, Joule, and Thomson effects on performance and derive new expressions for power output and efficiency. They compute the maximum power output and optimal load matching, and illustrate the maximum efficiency with a numerical example.

Abstract

Considering a thermoelectric generator as a heat engine cycle, the general differential equations of the temperature field inside thermoelectric elements are established by means of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. These equations are used to study the influence of heat leak, Joule’s heat, and Thomson heat on the performance of the thermoelectric generator. New expressions are derived for the power output and the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator. The maximum power output is calculated and the optimal matching condition of load is determined. The maximum efficiency is discussed by a representative numerical example. The aim of this research is to provide some novel conclusions and redress some errors existing in a related investigation.