Observed Trends in Indices of Daily Temperature Extremes in South America 1960–2000

TLDR

A 2004 workshop in Maceió, Brazil, convened climate scientists from eight South American countries to improve climate change indices for the region. The study investigates trends from 1960 to 2000 in daily temperature extreme indices across South America. Researchers compiled and assessed daily climatological data for quality and homogeneity, then constructed climate change indices to analyze extreme temperature trends. While daily maximum temperature indices showed no consistent change, daily minimum temperature indices revealed significant warming, with increasing warm nights and decreasing cold nights, especially during summer and fall, predominantly at stations along the western and eastern coasts.

Abstract

Abstract A workshop on enhancing climate change indices in South America was held in Maceió, Brazil, in August 2004. Scientists from eight southern countries brought daily climatological data from their region for a meticulous assessment of data quality and homogeneity, and for the preparation of climate change indices that can be used for analyses of changes in climate extremes. This study presents an examination of the trends over 1960–2000 in the indices of daily temperature extremes. The results indicate no consistent changes in the indices based on daily maximum temperature while significant trends were found in the indices based on daily minimum temperature. Significant increasing trends in the percentage of warm nights and decreasing trends in the percentage of cold nights were observed at many stations. It seems that this warming is mostly due to more warm nights and fewer cold nights during the summer (December–February) and fall (March–May). The stations with significant trends appear to be located closer to the west and east coasts of South America.