Canonical Polyadic Decomposition with a Columnwise Orthonormal Factor Matrix

Abstract

Canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) of a higher-order tensor is an important tool in mathematical engineering. In many applications at least one of the matrix factors is constrained to be columnwise orthonormal. We first derive a relaxed condition that guarantees uniqueness of the CPD under this constraint. Second, we give a simple proof of the existence of the optimal low-rank approximation of a tensor in the case that a factor matrix is columnwise orthonormal. Third, we derive numerical algorithms for the computation of the constrained CPD. In particular, orthogonality-constrained versions of the CPD methods based on simultaneous matrix diagonalization and alternating least squares are presented. Numerical experiments are reported.