Artificial cooperative search algorithm for numerical optimization problems

A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II

Kalyanmoy Deb, Amrit Pratap, Sakshi Agarwal et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · 2002 · 46.1K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Population Size, Computational Science +15

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.8K citations

Mathematical Programming, Positive Feedback, Engineering +18

The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space

Maurice Clerc, James Kennedy · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · 2002 · 8.8K citations

Engineering, Swarm Dynamic, Multidimensional Complex Space +17

EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE

David U. Hooper, F. Stuart Chapin, John J. Ewel et al. · Ecological Monographs · 2005 · 7.8K citations · Full text

Biodiversity Loss, Biodiversity, Functional Characteristics +11

Cuckoo Search via Lévy flights

Xin‐She Yang, Suash Deb · 2009 · 6K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering, Local Search (Optimization) +9