Neoclassical transport of impurities in tokamak plasmas

TLDR

Tokamak plasmas contain multiple ion species from wall‑bred impurities and future fusion‑born alpha particles, and even small densities of highly charged non‑hydrogenic impurities can strongly affect transport properties. The study aims to determine the complete neoclassical Onsager matrix for a toroidally confined multispecies plasma, establishing the linear relation between surface‑averaged radial fluxes and thermodynamic forces. A closed set of one‑dimensional moment equations is presented to model the time evolution of thermodynamic and magnetic field quantities arising from collisional transport and two‑dimensional magnetic flux surface motion, with neutral‑beam injection effects consistently included.

Abstract

Tokamak plasmas are inherently comprised of multiple ion species. This is due to wall-bred impurities and, in future reactors, will result from fusion-born alpha particles. Relatively small densities nI, of highly charged non-hydrogenic impurities can strongly influence plasma transport properties whenever . The determination of the complete neoclassical Onsager matrix for a toroidally confined multispecies plasma, which provides the linear relation between the surface averaged radial fluxes and the thermodynamic forces (i.e. gradients of density and temperature, and the parallel electric field), is reviewed. A closed set of one-dimensional moment equations is presented for the time evolution of thermodynamic and magnetic field quantities which results from collisional transport of the plasma and two-dimensional motion of the magnetic flux surface geometry. The effects of neutral-beam injection on the equilibrium and transport properties of a toroidal plasma are consistently included.