Preoperative Hydronephrosis, Ureteroscopic Biopsy Grade and Urinary Cytology Can Improve Prediction of Advanced Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

Preoperative evaluation for hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic grade and cytology can identify patients at risk for advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Such knowledge may impact surgery choice and extent as well as the need for perioperative chemotherapy regimens.