Volatile Needle Terpenoids of Six<i>Pinus</i>Species

Abstract

Abstract The terpenoid composition of the needle oils of syntopically grown Pinus armandi Franch, P. densiflora Sieb. & Zucc., P. longaeva Bailey, P. mugo Turra, P. pumila (Pall.) Regel and P. sylvestris L. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-six compounds were identified in the oils. P. armandi was found to be rich in β-caryophyllene (36.3%) and γ-muurolene (40.7%). P. densiflora contained α-pinene (13.2%), β-phellandrene (11.6%) and germacrene D as major compounds. The predominant compounds in P. longaeva oil were α-pinene (17.1%), β-pinene (17.7%) and β-phellandrene (32.5%), the major component of P. mugo oil was α-pinene (33.3%) while P. pumila oil was rich in δ-3-carene (14.9%), β-phellandrene (10.7%) and terpinolene (37.7%). An unusual strain of P. sylvestris possessed an oil rich in caryophyllene oxide (12.7%) and manoyl oxide (30.2%) rather than the usual monoterpene hydrocarbons