Photoswitchable Electrical Communication of Glucose Oxidase and Glutathione Reductase with Electrode Surfaces through Photoisomerizable Redox Mediators

Abstract

Multiple layers of glucose oxidase (or glutathione reductase) on Au electrodes can be activated and deactivated reversibly by a ferrocene–nitrospiropyran (or a bipyridinium–nitrospiropyran) acting as a photoisomerizable electron relay. The anchoring of the first enzyme layer to the surface of the electrode is shown schematically below.