Physical Review Letters · 1972 · 258 citations · 4 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceCrystal StructureElectronic MaterialsOptoelectronicsCrystallographyElectronic Band StructurePhotoelectron SpectroscopyElectron Work FunctionPhotoelectric EffectSingle-crystal CrystallographyVacuum ConditionsWork FunctionWork Function DeterminationWork Function Measurement
The electron work function was measured by the Fowler method for four faces of a copper single crystal. The crystal was cleaned by repeated cycles of ion bombardment and annealing at 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. With uncertainties of $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\Phi}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV, the work functions were found to be ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{110}=4.48$ eV, ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{112}=4.53$ eV, ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{100}=4.59$ eV, and ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{111}=4.94$ eV.
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Theory of Metal Surfaces: Work Function
N. D. Lang, W. Kohn · Physical review. B, Solid state · 1971 · 1.4K citations