Previous Open Renal Surgery Increased Vascular Complications in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Compared with Primary and Secondary PCNL and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Patients: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Vascular complication is a rare complication of PCNL that can be successfully managed with angioembolisation. Our results indicate that previous open surgery significantly predicted the occurrence of these lesions.